COP30 in Belém: A Historic Landmark for the Amazon and the Future of Global Climate

Amazon at the Center of Global Decisions

The Amazon is often called the “lungs of the world” due to its essential role in regulating the global climate and capturing carbon dioxide. However, it is also a region of great vulnerability, facing challenges such as deforestation, fires, illegal mining, and biodiversity loss. In 2025, the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, will host the 30th United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP30), an event that promises to place the Amazon at the heart of global climate discussions.

This choice is not only symbolic but also strategic. For the first time in the history of climate conferences, the Amazon region will be directly represented in an event of this magnitude. This offers a unique opportunity to highlight local challenges and solutions on a global stage, showing the world the importance of preserving this vital region for the planet’s ecological balance.

What is COP, and Why is COP30 Special?

The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the main decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since 1995, COPs have brought together representatives of governments, non-governmental organizations, scientists, and activists to discuss and negotiate global climate actions. Landmark events, such as the Paris Agreement in 2015, which established global goals to limit global warming, were defined in these meetings.

COP30 stands out for its location. Belém, a city situated on the banks of the Amazon River, is a gateway to the world’s largest rainforest. Hosting the conference in the Amazon is a clear statement from the UN about the region’s importance in combating climate change. More than that, it is an opportunity to give voice to local populations, including indigenous communities, who possess ancestral knowledge about resource management and biodiversity preservation.

Challenges of the Amazon in a Climate Context

The Amazon faces a series of challenges that directly impact the global climate:

1. Deforestation: According to data from the National Institute for Space Research (Inpe), deforestation in the Amazon decreased by 30% between August 2023 and July 2024. However, the accumulated loss of forest area remains alarming, affecting carbon capture and ecological balance.
2. Fires: Fires, often linked to deforestation and agricultural expansion, significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Illegal Mining: Illegal mineral exploitation, especially in protected areas and indigenous territories, causes environmental degradation and river contamination with mercury.
4. Biodiversity Loss: Habitat destruction puts countless plant and animal species at risk, many of which have not yet been discovered or studied.

Opportunities for Belém and the Amazon

Hosting COP30 in Belém brings several opportunities:

• Inspiration for climate actions: The presence of world leaders and environmental experts can catalyze local and global climate initiatives.
• Strengthening the local economy: The event will attract thousands of visitors, including delegates, journalists, and activists, boosting tourism and local businesses.
• Education and awareness: COP30 will be a unique opportunity to educate the world about the Amazon and the importance of its preservation.

The Voice of Indigenous Communities

One of the most important aspects of COP30 will be the inclusion of indigenous communities in the discussions. Indigenous peoples are the guardians of the forest and possess ancestral knowledge that can be fundamental for sustainable climate solutions. During the conference, indigenous leaders are expected to have a significant platform to share their perspectives and proposals.

Expectations for COP30

Among the main expectations for COP30, the following stand out:

• Advances in climate financing: Developed nations are expected to fulfill their promises of funding to help developing countries mitigate and adapt to climate change.
• New targets for emissions reduction: World leaders should announce more ambitious commitments to limit global warming to 1.5°C.
• Biodiversity protection: Measures to preserve essential ecosystems, such as the Amazon, will be in the spotlight.

Legacy of COP30

COP30 has the potential to leave a lasting legacy for Belém, Brazil, and the world. The event can drive more effective public policies, encourage international cooperation, and inspire individual and collective actions for the climate.

For the Amazon, the greatest legacy will be the recognition of its vital importance to the planet and the strengthening of actions to ensure its preservation. Furthermore, COP30 can represent a milestone in valuing indigenous communities and integrating their knowledge in combating climate change.

Hosting COP30 in Belém is a historic moment for Brazil and the world. The Amazon, with its rich biodiversity and ecological importance, will be at the center of global attention, offering a unique opportunity to advance climate solutions and strengthen global commitments to the environment.

May this conference mark the beginning of a new era of international cooperation and effective actions to protect the planet for future generations.